Alternative Spelling:
Apostasy / Apostacy / Apostasie / Apostasi
What is Apostasy?
- Apostasy refers to the act of abandoning or renouncing one’s Islamic faith after previously accepting it. The term is derived from the Arabic word riddah (ردة) or irtidad (ارتداد), which literally means “turning back” or “reverting.” In Islamic theology, apostasy is understood as a conscious and deliberate rejection of the core beliefs of Islam, distinguishing it from mere doubt or ignorance.
- Theological significance of apostasy is profound in Islam, as it is considered a grave violation of faith and loyalty to Allah. Islamic jurisprudence classifies apostasy as a major sin, and classical scholars have discussed its implications extensively. The seriousness attributed to apostasy stems from its perceived threat to the unity and integrity of the Muslim community, as well as its direct opposition to the teachings brought by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH).
- Usage and context of the term apostasy have evolved throughout Islamic history. Early Islamic scholars debated the conditions and evidence required to classify someone as an apostate, often considering factors such as intention, public declaration, and persistence in disbelief. The concept has been referenced in various legal and theological texts, where scholars sought to balance justice, compassion, and the preservation of religious identity.
- Spiritually, apostasy is seen as a rupture in the relationship between the individual and Allah. It signifies a turning away from the guidance and mercy offered through Islam, and is often associated with a loss of spiritual protection and blessings. For Muslims, the concept serves as a reminder of the importance of steadfastness in faith and the continuous renewal of one’s commitment to Islamic beliefs and practices.
Examples of Apostasy
- Legal Ruling: "In classical Islamic law, Apostasy was considered a serious offense with specific legal consequences."
- Historical Incident: "During the time of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH), cases of Apostasy were addressed by the early Muslim community."
- Personal Belief: "He was accused of Apostasy after publicly renouncing his faith."
- Modern Context: "Debates about freedom of religion often include discussions on Apostasy and its implications."
- Interfaith Dialogue: "Scholars compare the punishment for Apostacy in different religions."
References in Qur'an & Hadith
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "If somebody (a Muslim) discards his religion, kill him."
Sahih Bukhari 3017 (Sunnah.com)
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "It is not lawful to shed the blood of a Muslim except in three cases: a married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse, a life for a life, and the one who reverts from Islam and leaves the Muslims (Apostasy)."
Sahih Muslim 1676 (Sunnah.com)
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The blood of a Muslim who testifies that none has the right to be worshipped but Allah and that I am Allah's Messenger, cannot be shed except in three cases: In Qisas for murder, a married person who commits illegal sexual intercourse, and the one who reverts from Islam (Apostasy) and leaves the Muslims."
Sahih Bukhari 6878 (Sunnah.com)
FAQs for Apostasy
What does Apostasy mean in English?
Apostasy means renouncing or abandoning one's religion.
When should Muslims use the term Apostasy?
Muslims should use the term Apostasy when referring to someone who has left or rejected Islam after previously accepting it.
What is the Arabic term for Apostasy?
The Arabic term for Apostasy is riddah or irtidad.
How is Apostasy viewed in Islamic teachings?
Apostasy is considered a serious offense in Islamic teachings and is addressed with specific rulings in Islamic law.
Did Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) address the issue of Apostasy?
Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) addressed the issue of Apostasy in several hadiths and provided guidance on how the Muslim community should respond to it.
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