Alternative Spelling:
Hijri Calendar / Hijri Calender / Hijri Kalendar / Hijri Calender / Hijri Calendar
What is Hijri Calendar?
- Hijri Calendar refers to the Islamic lunar calendar, which is also known as the taqwīm al-hijrī in Arabic. The term "Hijri" is derived from the word Hijra, meaning "migration," specifically referencing the migration of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Mecca to Medina. This event marks the beginning of the calendar, making it both a chronological and spiritual milestone in Islamic history.
- The theological significance of the Hijri Calendar lies in its direct connection to pivotal events in Islamic tradition. It is used to determine the dates of important religious observances, such as Ramadan, Hajj, and Eid celebrations. By aligning the calendar with the Hijra, Muslims are reminded of the sacrifices and steadfastness of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and his companions, reinforcing key values in Islamic theology.
- Historically, the Hijri Calendar was instituted during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab, who sought a unified system for dating events in the rapidly expanding Muslim community. Islamic scholars have emphasized its importance as a tool for organizing religious, legal, and social affairs, ensuring that significant events are commemorated according to the lunar cycle established by the early Muslim community.
- On a spiritual level, the Hijri Calendar encourages Muslims to reflect on the themes of renewal, migration, and transformation. Each new year is seen as an opportunity for personal growth and spiritual migration, echoing the journey of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The calendar thus serves as a reminder of the ongoing journey of faith and the importance of aligning one's life with Islamic principles.
- In practical terms, the Hijri Calendar is used today by Muslims worldwide to schedule religious duties, community events, and personal milestones. It remains essential for determining the timing of fasting, pilgrimage, and other acts of worship, ensuring that these practices are observed in accordance with the traditions established by Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and upheld by generations of Muslims.
Examples of Hijri Calendar
- Islamic Holidays: "The dates of Ramadan and Eid are determined each year according to the Hijri Calendar."
- Historical Events: "The migration of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah marks the beginning of the Hijri Calendar."
- Personal Planning: "Many Muslims record important life events, such as births and weddings, using the Hijri Calendar."
- Religious Observances: "Fasting on the day of Ashura is observed on the 10th of Muharram in the Hijri Calendar."
- Official Documents: "In some countries, government documents and contracts include dates from both the Gregorian and Hijri Calendar."
References in Qur'an & Hadith
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The year is of twelve months, out of which four months are sacred: Three are in succession Dhul-Qa'da, Dhul-Hijja and Muharram, and (the fourth is) Rajab of (the tribe of) Mudar which comes between Jumada and Sha'ban."
Sahih Bukhari 3197 (Sunnah.com)
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "Time has come back to its original state which it had when Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year is twelve months, of which four are sacred..."
Sahih Muslim 1679 (Sunnah.com)
The Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: "The division of time has turned to its original form which was current when Allah created the heavens and the earth. The year is twelve months, four of which are sacred..."
Sunan Abi Dawud 1947 (Sunnah.com)
FAQs for Hijri Calendar
What does Hijri Calendar mean in English?
Hijri Calendar means Islamic lunar calendar.
When should Muslims use Hijri Calendar?
Muslims should use the Hijri Calendar to determine the dates of Islamic events, rituals, and holidays such as Ramadan, Hajj, and Eid.
Who introduced the Hijri Calendar?
The Hijri Calendar was introduced by the companions of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) during the caliphate of Umar ibn al-Khattab.
How is the Hijri Calendar different from the Gregorian calendar?
The Hijri Calendar is based on lunar months, while the Gregorian calendar is based on solar years, resulting in the Hijri year being about 10 to 12 days shorter than the Gregorian year.
Why is the Hijri Calendar important in Islam?
The Hijri Calendar is important in Islam because it determines the timing of religious observances and commemorates the migration of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Makkah to Madinah.
